{"id":489,"count":50,"description":"Oxides and hydroxides form the fourth class of the Strunz mineral classification. They include minerals in which oxygen or hydroxyl groups play a central role in the chemical composition. The class ranges from relatively simple compounds to complex multiple oxides containing a variety of cations.\r\n\r\nAmong the best-known oxide minerals are quartz, hematite, magnetite, corundum, rutile, cassiterite, ilmenite, chromite and pyrolusite. Typical hydroxide minerals include goethite, diaspore, gibbsite and brucite. Many of these minerals are also of major economic importance as ores of iron, aluminium, titanium, tin, chromium and other metals.\r\n\r\nQuartz (SiO\u2082) occupies a special position within this class. Despite its importance as a major rock-forming mineral, it is classified systematically among the oxides. Its many varieties and forms include rock crystal, smoky quartz, amethyst, citrine, agate, chalcedony and ferruginous quartz. Opal is also grouped within this broader systematic context.\r\n\r\nOxides and hydroxides form in a wide range of geological environments. They occur in igneous rocks and pegmatites, hydrothermal deposits, metamorphic rocks, sediments and weathering zones. Oxidation zones of ore deposits in particular can host numerous secondary oxide and hydroxide minerals.\r\n\r\nSome members of this class are typical high-temperature minerals, while others form preferentially under near-surface conditions. Complex oxides such as columbite-tantalite, euxenite, pyrochlore, perovskite and zirconolite are often associated with rare elements and occur especially in specialized igneous systems, pegmatites or alkaline rocks.\r\n\r\nOxides and hydroxides are therefore among the most mineralogically, geologically and economically important mineral classes. At the same time, the group includes many classic collector minerals with highly varied crystal forms, colours and geological origins.","link":"https:\/\/mineralien-weltweit.com\/en\/product-category\/systematics\/oxides-hydroxides\/","name":"4. 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